Early Covid-19 analyses suggested pandemic preparedness didn't matter — even that higher-scoring countries fared worse. This talk shows why those conclusions were wrong: flawed mortality data, poor statistical methods, and a failure to separate islands from non-islands systematically distorted the picture. With better data and methods, preparedness clearly saves lives.
• The GHS Index does predict lower excess mortality — once underreporting, age structure, and appropriate transformations are applied
• Islands had a fundamentally different pandemic experience and must be analysed separately; geography and border strategy drove their outcomes
• Democracy mattered more in islands; lower inequality was the key structural factor in non-islands
• Island biosecurity advantages may generalise beyond pandemics to zoonotic and other infectious disease risks